- Have difficulty forming conclusions and making decisions
- Feel or accept that there is something wrong with them on a basic level (selfish, too sensitive, "crazy", etc.)
- Analyze and relive abusive experiences to see where they made mistakes
- Doubt their ability to communicate
- Experience self-doubt, low self-confidence, and lose spontaneity and/or enthusiasm.
A study of physical health consequences of physical and psychological abuse concludes:
Verbal abuse is strongly associated with chronic pain, migraine and frequent headaches, stammering, ulcers, spastic colon, and frequent indigestion, diarrhea, or constipation along with many stress-related heart conditions.2
The psychological effects of verbal abuse include:
fear and anxiety, depression, stress and PTSD, intrusive memories, memory gap disorders, sleep or eating problems, hyper-vigilance and exaggerated startle responses, irritability, anger issues, alcohol and drug abuse, suicide, self-mutilation, and assaultive behaviors.
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